{"id":97875441,"date":"2026-05-20T12:00:58","date_gmt":"2026-05-20T10:00:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\/programa_pleamar\/optitun-optimization-of-the-visual-and-thermal-physiology-of-bluefin-tuna-for-its-adaptation-to-breeding-under-variable-environmental-conditions\/"},"modified":"2026-05-20T12:00:58","modified_gmt":"2026-05-20T10:00:58","slug":"optitun-optimization-of-the-visual-and-thermal-physiology-of-bluefin-tuna-for-its-adaptation-to-breeding-under-variable-environmental-conditions","status":"publish","type":"programa_pleamar","link":"https:\/\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\/en\/programa_pleamar\/optitun-optimization-of-the-visual-and-thermal-physiology-of-bluefin-tuna-for-its-adaptation-to-breeding-under-variable-environmental-conditions\/","title":{"rendered":"OPTITUN. Optimization of the visual and thermal physiology of bluefin tuna for its adaptation to breeding under variable environmental conditions."},"content":{"rendered":"

OPTITUN investigates, for the first time in a comprehensive way, how ocular endothermy develops and works in juvenile bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus<\/em>), a key physiological adaptation that allows the eyes to be kept at a temperature higher than that of the water and optimize vision.<\/p>\n

Although this mechanism is described in adult tuna, it is unknown how it is acquired and regulated in juvenile phases, precisely the most critical in aquaculture, where high mortality rates associated with disorientation, collisions, loss of appetite and visual problems are recorded.<\/p>\n

The project combines histological, transcriptomic, epigenetic analyses, implantable thermal sensors and behavioural studies, to understand how ambient temperature \u2013 including marine heatwaves associated with climate change \u2013 influences the vision, well-being and survival of farmed juveniles.<\/p>\n

The results will allow the identification of physiological and molecular biomarkers and the definition of optimal thermal ranges, generating practical recommendations to improve the management, animal welfare and sustainability of bluefin tuna farming.<\/p>\n

The following entities act as collaborating entities: Planet Tuna, Star-Oddi (supplier of implantable thermal sensors), FARM ASSOCIATION of Aquaculture Companies of the Region of Murcia, Tuna Graso S. A. U. and Almadraba de La Azoh\u00eda.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":22405,"parent":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"financiaci_n":[680],"lineas_actuacion_tematicas":[655],"class_list":["post-97875441","programa_pleamar","type-programa_pleamar","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","financiaci_n-european-maritime-fisheries-and-aquaculture-fund","lineas_actuacion_tematicas-marine-ecosystems"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nOPTITUN. Optimization of the visual and thermal physiology of bluefin tuna for its adaptation to breeding under variable environmental conditions. - Fundaci\u00f3n Biodiversidad<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\/en\/programa_pleamar\/optitun-optimization-of-the-visual-and-thermal-physiology-of-bluefin-tuna-for-its-adaptation-to-breeding-under-variable-environmental-conditions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"OPTITUN. Optimization of the visual and thermal physiology of bluefin tuna for its adaptation to breeding under variable environmental conditions. - Fundaci\u00f3n Biodiversidad\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"OPTITUN investigates, for the first time in a comprehensive way, how ocular endothermy develops and works in juvenile bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus), a key physiological […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\/en\/programa_pleamar\/optitun-optimization-of-the-visual-and-thermal-physiology-of-bluefin-tuna-for-its-adaptation-to-breeding-under-variable-environmental-conditions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Fundaci\u00f3n Biodiversidad\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Montaje_OPTITUN-1024x585.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Montaje_OPTITUN-1024x585.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\\\/en\\\/programa_pleamar\\\/optitun-optimization-of-the-visual-and-thermal-physiology-of-bluefin-tuna-for-its-adaptation-to-breeding-under-variable-environmental-conditions\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\\\/en\\\/programa_pleamar\\\/optitun-optimization-of-the-visual-and-thermal-physiology-of-bluefin-tuna-for-its-adaptation-to-breeding-under-variable-environmental-conditions\\\/\",\"name\":\"OPTITUN. Optimization of the visual and thermal physiology of bluefin tuna for its adaptation to breeding under variable environmental conditions. - Fundaci\u00f3n Biodiversidad\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\\\/en\\\/programa_pleamar\\\/optitun-optimization-of-the-visual-and-thermal-physiology-of-bluefin-tuna-for-its-adaptation-to-breeding-under-variable-environmental-conditions\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\\\/en\\\/programa_pleamar\\\/optitun-optimization-of-the-visual-and-thermal-physiology-of-bluefin-tuna-for-its-adaptation-to-breeding-under-variable-environmental-conditions\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/11\\\/no-imagen.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-05-20T10:00:58+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\\\/en\\\/programa_pleamar\\\/optitun-optimization-of-the-visual-and-thermal-physiology-of-bluefin-tuna-for-its-adaptation-to-breeding-under-variable-environmental-conditions\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\\\/en\\\/programa_pleamar\\\/optitun-optimization-of-the-visual-and-thermal-physiology-of-bluefin-tuna-for-its-adaptation-to-breeding-under-variable-environmental-conditions\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\\\/en\\\/programa_pleamar\\\/optitun-optimization-of-the-visual-and-thermal-physiology-of-bluefin-tuna-for-its-adaptation-to-breeding-under-variable-environmental-conditions\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/11\\\/no-imagen.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/11\\\/no-imagen.jpg\",\"width\":2048,\"height\":2048,\"caption\":\"Formaci\u00f3n en medio ambiente natural\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\\\/en\\\/programa_pleamar\\\/optitun-optimization-of-the-visual-and-thermal-physiology-of-bluefin-tuna-for-its-adaptation-to-breeding-under-variable-environmental-conditions\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Portada\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\\\/en\\\/inicio\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Programa pleamar\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\\\/en\\\/programa_pleamar\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"OPTITUN. Optimization of the visual and thermal physiology of bluefin tuna for its adaptation to breeding under variable environmental conditions.\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"Fundaci\u00f3n Biodiversidad\",\"description\":\"Fundaci\u00f3n p\u00fablica adscrita al Ministerio para la Transici\u00f3n Ecol\u00f3gica\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"OPTITUN. Optimization of the visual and thermal physiology of bluefin tuna for its adaptation to breeding under variable environmental conditions. - Fundaci\u00f3n Biodiversidad","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\/en\/programa_pleamar\/optitun-optimization-of-the-visual-and-thermal-physiology-of-bluefin-tuna-for-its-adaptation-to-breeding-under-variable-environmental-conditions\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"OPTITUN. Optimization of the visual and thermal physiology of bluefin tuna for its adaptation to breeding under variable environmental conditions. - Fundaci\u00f3n Biodiversidad","og_description":"OPTITUN investigates, for the first time in a comprehensive way, how ocular endothermy develops and works in juvenile bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus), a key physiological […]","og_url":"https:\/\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\/en\/programa_pleamar\/optitun-optimization-of-the-visual-and-thermal-physiology-of-bluefin-tuna-for-its-adaptation-to-breeding-under-variable-environmental-conditions\/","og_site_name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Biodiversidad","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Montaje_OPTITUN-1024x585.png","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_image":"https:\/\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Montaje_OPTITUN-1024x585.png","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"1 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\/en\/programa_pleamar\/optitun-optimization-of-the-visual-and-thermal-physiology-of-bluefin-tuna-for-its-adaptation-to-breeding-under-variable-environmental-conditions\/","url":"https:\/\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\/en\/programa_pleamar\/optitun-optimization-of-the-visual-and-thermal-physiology-of-bluefin-tuna-for-its-adaptation-to-breeding-under-variable-environmental-conditions\/","name":"OPTITUN. Optimization of the visual and thermal physiology of bluefin tuna for its adaptation to breeding under variable environmental conditions. - Fundaci\u00f3n Biodiversidad","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\/en\/programa_pleamar\/optitun-optimization-of-the-visual-and-thermal-physiology-of-bluefin-tuna-for-its-adaptation-to-breeding-under-variable-environmental-conditions\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\/en\/programa_pleamar\/optitun-optimization-of-the-visual-and-thermal-physiology-of-bluefin-tuna-for-its-adaptation-to-breeding-under-variable-environmental-conditions\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/no-imagen.jpg","datePublished":"2026-05-20T10:00:58+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\/en\/programa_pleamar\/optitun-optimization-of-the-visual-and-thermal-physiology-of-bluefin-tuna-for-its-adaptation-to-breeding-under-variable-environmental-conditions\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\/en\/programa_pleamar\/optitun-optimization-of-the-visual-and-thermal-physiology-of-bluefin-tuna-for-its-adaptation-to-breeding-under-variable-environmental-conditions\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\/en\/programa_pleamar\/optitun-optimization-of-the-visual-and-thermal-physiology-of-bluefin-tuna-for-its-adaptation-to-breeding-under-variable-environmental-conditions\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/no-imagen.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/no-imagen.jpg","width":2048,"height":2048,"caption":"Formaci\u00f3n en medio ambiente natural"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\/en\/programa_pleamar\/optitun-optimization-of-the-visual-and-thermal-physiology-of-bluefin-tuna-for-its-adaptation-to-breeding-under-variable-environmental-conditions\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Portada","item":"https:\/\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\/en\/inicio\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Programa pleamar","item":"https:\/\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\/en\/programa_pleamar\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"OPTITUN. Optimization of the visual and thermal physiology of bluefin tuna for its adaptation to breeding under variable environmental conditions."}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\/en\/","name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Biodiversidad","description":"Fundaci\u00f3n p\u00fablica adscrita al Ministerio para la Transici\u00f3n Ecol\u00f3gica","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/programa_pleamar\/97875441","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/programa_pleamar"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/programa_pleamar"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22405"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=97875441"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"financiaci_n","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/financiaci_n?post=97875441"},{"taxonomy":"lineas_actuacion_tematicas","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fundacion-biodiversidad.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/lineas_actuacion_tematicas?post=97875441"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}