Today marks the International Day of Biosphere Reserves, proclaimed in 2021 at the initiative of UNESCO’s Science Commission during its 41st General Conference. The purpose of this event is to highlight the importance of biosphere reserves in the conservation of ecosystems and biodiversity, promoting research, sustainable development and decision-making to promote the protection of the environment. Biosphere reserves are natural spaces that are home to a rich diversity of habitats and ecosystems, such as tropical forests, tundras, deserts, and boreal forests. These areas are internationally recognized and maintain the sovereignty of each country. Its interest lies not only in its biodiversity, but also in its scientific, ecological and cultural value, which encourages research and education. The reserves serve as natural laboratories, where the effects of climate change are studied and innovative solutions for conservation are developed. The creation of biosphere reserves by UNESCO dates back to 1974, with the aim of promoting the balanced and sustainable management of these spaces. The Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme, established in 1971, seeks to prevent the indiscriminate exploitation of natural resources and preserve the planet’s ecosystems. This programme emphasises the need for an integrated approach that links conservation with human development, thus ensuring a balance between resource use and environmental protection.

Spain and the new reserves

This year, new reserves have been added to the UNESCO network, reflecting the growing global commitment to biodiversity conservation. Specifically, last July, UNESCO approved the designation of 11 new biosphere reserves in 11 countries, including Spain, which included the Vall d’Aran Biosphere Reserve, located at the western end of the Catalan Pyrenees, and the Irati Biosphere Reserve. located in the mid-mountain area of the western Pyrenees. The Vall d’Aran, with an area of 632 square kilometres, stands out for its diversity of landscapes and its cultural heritage, while Irati is home to the second largest beech forest in Europe, covering 537 square kilometres. Both reserves reflect a joint effort to improve the protection of biodiversity and revitalize traditional practices, in a context of sustainable growth. With these additions, the World Network of Biosphere Reserves expands to 759 reserves in 136 countries, underscoring the importance of protecting these valuable ecosystems. In addition, our country stands out as a world leader, with 55 recognized reserves. Thus, November 3 is a date to reflect on the importance of biosphere reserves and the role they play in protecting our planet. These areas not only preserve biodiversity, but are also critical to human well-being, providing essential ecosystem services such as climate regulation, water purification, and crop pollination. It is essential to work to ensure that these spaces remain a valuable natural heritage for future generations.